|
Oracle备份与恢复案例(8) D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00304.ARC ORA-00280: change 1053698 for thread 1 is in sequence #304 Specify log: {<RET>=suggested filename AUTO CANCEL} AUTO ORA-00279: change 1053701 generated at 05/07/2003 17:51:39 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00305.ARC ORA-00280: change 1053701 for thread 1 is in sequence #305 ORA-00278: log file 'D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00304.ARC' no longer needed for this recovery Log applied. Media recovery complete.
恢复成功，联机该数据文件 SQL> alter database datafile 3 online; Database altered. 7、 检查数据库的数据（完全恢复） SQL> select * from test; A -------------------------------- 1 2 说明： 1、采用热备份，需要运行在归档模式下，可以实现数据库的完全恢复，也就是说，从备份后到数据库崩溃时的数据都不会丢失; 2、可以采用全备份数据库的方式备份，对于特殊情况，也可以只备份特定的数据文件，如只备份用户表空间（一般情况下对于某些写特别频繁的数据文件，可以单独加大备份频率）； 3、如果在恢复过程中，发现损坏的是多个数据文件，即可以采用一个一个数据文件的恢复方法（第5步中需要对数据文件一一脱机，第6步中需要对数据文件分别恢复），也可以采用整个数据库的恢复方法； 4、如果是系统表空间的损坏，不能采用此方法。 4.2.2 RMAN备份方案
RMAN也可以进行联机备份，而且备份与恢复方法将比OS备份更简单可靠。 1、连接数据库，创建测试表并插入记录 SQL> connect internal/password as sysdba; Connected. SQL> create table test(a int) tablespace users; Table created SQL> insert into test values(1); 1 row inserted SQL> commit; Commit complete 2、 备份数据库表空间users C:\>rman Recovery Manager: Release 8.1.6.0.0 - ProdUCtion RMAN> connect rcvcat rman/rman@back RMAN-06008: connected to recovery catalog database RMAN> connect target internal/virpure RMAN-06005: connected to target database: TEST (DBID=1788174720) RMAN> run{ 2> allocate channel c1 type disk; 3> backup tag 'tsuser' format 'd:\backup\tsuser_%u_%s_%p' 4> tablespace users; 5> release channel c1; 6> } RMAN-03022: compiling command: allocate RMAN-03023: executing command: allocate RMAN-08030: allocated channel: c1 RMAN-08500: channel c1: sid=16 devtype=DISK RMAN-03022: compiling command: backup RMAN-03025: performing implicit partial resync of recovery catalog RMAN-03023: executing command: partial resync RMAN-08003: starting partial resync of recovery catalog RMAN-08005: partial resync complete RMAN-03023: executing command: backup RMAN-08008: channel c1: starting full datafile backupset RMAN-08502: set_count=5 set_stamp=494177612 creation_time=16-MAY-03 RMAN-08010: channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00003 name=D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\USER01.DBF RMAN-08013: channel c1: piece 1 created RMAN-08503: piece handle=D:\BACKUP\TSUSER_05EN93AC_5_1 comment=NONE RMAN-08525: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 RMAN-03023: executing command: partial resync RMAN-08003: starting partial resync of recovery catalog RMAN-08005: partial resync complete RMAN-03022: compiling command: release RMAN-03023: executing command: release RMAN-08031: released channel: c1 RMAN> 3、 继续在测试表中插入记录 SQL> insert into test values(2); 1 row inserted SQL> commit; Commit complete SQL> select * from test; A --------------------------------------- 1 2 SQL> alter system switch logfile; System altered. SQL>r 1* alter system switch logfile; System altered. 4、 关闭数据库，模拟丢失数据文件 SQL> shutdown immediate; Database closed. Database dismounted. Oracle instance shut down C:\>del D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\USER01.DBF 5、 启动数据库，检查错误 SQL> startup Oracle instance started. Total System Global Area 102020364 bytes Fixed Size 70924 bytes Variable Size 85487616 bytes Database Buffers 16384000 bytes Redo Buffers 77824 bytes Database mounted. ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 3 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 3: 'D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\USER01.DBF' 6、 先打开数据库 SQL> alter database datafile 3 offline drop; Database altered. SQL> alter database open; Database altered. 7、 恢复该表空间 恢复脚本可以是恢复单个数据文件 run{ allocate channel c1 type disk; restore datafile 3; recover datafile 3; sql 'alter database datafile 3 online'; release channel c1; } 也可以是,恢复表空间 run{ allocate channel c1 type disk; restore tablespace users; recover tablespace users; sql 'alter database datafile 3 online'; release channel c1; } 过程如下： C:\>rman Recovery Manager: Release 8.1.6.0.0 - Production RMAN> connect rcvcat rman/rman@back RMAN-06008: connected to recovery catalog database RMAN> connect target internal/virpure RMAN-06005: connected to target database: TEST (DBID=1788174720) RMAN> run{ 2> allocate channel c1 type disk; 3> restore datafile 3; 4> recover datafile 3; 5> sql 'alter database datafile 3 online'; 6> release channel c1; 7> } //输出内容冗长，省略--编者 RMAN> 8、 检查数据是否完整 SQL> alter database open; Database altered. SQL> select * from test; A --------------------------------------- 1 2 说明： 1、RMAN也可以实现单个表空间或数据文件的恢复，恢复过程可以在mount下或open方式下，如果在open方式下恢复，可以减少down机时间; 2、如果损坏的是一个数据文件，建议offline并在open方式下恢复; 3、这里可以看到，RMAN进行数据文件与表空间恢复的时候，代码都比较简单，而且能保证备份与恢复的可靠性，所以建议采用RMAN的备份与恢复. 4.3丢失多个数据文件，实现整个数据库的恢复. 4.3.1 OS备份方案 OS备份归档模式下损坏（丢失）多个数据文件，进行整个数据库的恢复 1、 连接数据库，创建测试表并插入记录 SQL> connect internal/password as sysdba; Connected. SQL> create table test(a int); Table created SQL> insert into test values(1); 1 row inserted SQL> commit; Commit complete 2、 备份数据库，备份除临时数据文件后的所数据文件 SQL> @hotbak.sql 或在DOS下 svrmgrl @hotbak.sql 3、 继续在测试表中插入记录 SQL> insert into test values(2); 1 row inserted SQL> commit; Commit complete SQL> select * from test; A --------------------------------------- 1 2 SQL> alter system switch logfile; System altered. SQL> alter system switch logfile; System altered. 4、 关闭数据库，模拟丢失数据文件 SQL> shutdown immediate; Database closed. Database dismounted. Oracle instance shut down C:\>del D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\SYSTEM01.DBF C:\>del D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\INDX01.DBF C:\>del D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\TOOLS01.DBF C:\>del D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\RBS01.DBF 模拟媒体毁坏（这里删除多个数据文件） 5、 启动数据库，检查错误 SQL> STARTUP Oracle instance started. Total System Global Area 102020364 bytes Fixed Size 70924 bytes Variable Size 85487616 bytes Database Buffers 16384000 bytes Redo Buffers 77824 bytes Database mounted. ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 1: 'D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\SYSTEM01.DBF' 详细信息可以查看报警文件 ORA-1157 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE OPEN... Thu May 08 09:39:36 2003 Errors in file D:\Oracle\admin\test\bdump\testDBW0.TRC: ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 1: 'D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\SYSTEM01.DBF' ORA-27041: unable to open file OSD-04002: unable to open file O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。 Thu May 08 09:39:36 2003 Errors in file D:\Oracle\admin\test\bdump\testDBW0.TRC: ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 2 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 2: 'D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\RBS01.DBF' ORA-27041: unable to open file OSD-04002: unable to open file O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。 Thu May 08 09:39:36 2003 Errors in file D:\Oracle\admin\test\bdump\testDBW0.TRC: ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 5 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 5: 'D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\TOOLS01.DBF' ORA-27041: unable to open file OSD-04002: unable to open file O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。 Thu May 08 09:39:36 2003 Errors in file D:\Oracle\admin\test\bdump\testDBW0.TRC: ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 6: 'D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\INDX01.DBF' ORA-27041: unable to open file OSD-04002: unable to open file O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。 通过查询v$recover_file可以看到 SQL> select * from v$recover_file; FILE# ONLINE ERROR CHANGE# TIME ---------- ------- ------------------ ---------- ----------- 1 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 2 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 5 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 6 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 有四个数据文件需要恢复 6、 拷贝备份回到原地点(restore)，开始恢复数据库(recover) restore过程: C:\>copy D:\DATABAK\SYSTEM01.DBF D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ C:\>copy D:\DATABAK\TEST\INDX01.DBF D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ C:\>copy D:\DATABAK\TEST\TOOLS01.DBF D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ C:\>copy D:\DATABAK\TEST\RBS01.DBF.DBF D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ Recover过程: SQL> recover database; ORA-00279: change 1073849 generated at 05/08/2003 08:58:35 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00311.ARC ORA-00280: change 1073849 for thread 1 is in sequence #311 Specify log: {<RET>=suggested filename AUTO CANCEL} auto ORA-00279: change 1073856 generated at 05/08/2003 09:03:27 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00312.ARC ORA-00280: change 1073856 for thread 1 is in sequence #312 ORA-00278: log file 'D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00311.ARC' no longer needed for this recovery ORA-00279: change 1073858 generated at 05/08/2003 09:11:43 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00313.ARC ORA-00280: change 1073858 for thread 1 is in sequence #313 ORA-00278: log file 'D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00312.ARC' no longer needed for this recovery ORA-00279: change 1073870 generated at 05/08/2003 09:11:46 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00314.ARC ORA-00280: change 1073870 for thread 1 is in sequence #314 ORA-00278: log file 'D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00313.ARC' no longer needed for this recovery Log applied. Media recovery complete. 7、 打开数据库，检查数据库的数据（完全恢复） SQL> alter database open; Database altered. SQL> select * from test; A --------------------------------------- 1 2 说明： 1、只要有备份与归档存在，就可以实现数据库的完全恢复（不丢失数据）; 2、适合于丢失大量数据文件，或包含系统数据文件在内的数据库的恢复; 3、恢复过程在mount下进行，如果恢复成功，再打开数据库，down机时间可能比较长一些。 4.3.2 RMAN备份方案 RMAN备份归档模式下损坏（丢失）多个数据文件，进行整个数据库的恢复 1、连接数据库，创建测试表并插入记录 SQL> connect internal/password as sysdba; Connected. SQL> create table test(a int); Table created SQL> insert into test values(1); 1 row inserted SQL> commit; Commit complete 2、备份数据库 DOS下 C:>\ rman cmdfile=bakup.rcv msglog=backup.log; 以下是backup.log内容。 Recovery Manager: Release 8.1.6.0.0 - Production RMAN> # script:bakup.rcv 2> # creater:chenjiping 3> # date:5.8.2003 4> # desc:backup all database datafile in archive with rman 5> 6> #connect database 7> connect rcvcat rman/rman@back; 8> connect target internal/virpure; 9> 10> #start backup database 11> run{ 12> allocate channel c1 type disk; 13> backup full tag 'dbfull' format 'd:\backup\full%u_%s_%p' database 14> include current controlfile; 15> sql 'alter system archive log current'; 16> release channel c1; 17> } 18> #end 19> RMAN-06008: connected to recovery catalog database RMAN-06005: connected to target database: TEST (DBID=1788174720) RMAN-03022: compiling command: allocate RMAN-03023: executing command: allocate RMAN-08030: allocated channel: c1 RMAN-08500: channel c1: sid=15 devtype=DISK RMAN-03022: compiling command: backup RMAN-03023: executing command: backup RMAN-08008: channel c1: starting full datafile backupset RMAN-08502: set_count=4 set_stamp=494074368 creation_time=15-MAY-03 RMAN-08010: channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00002 name=D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\RBS01.DBF RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00001 name=D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\SYSTEM01.DBF RMAN-08011: including current controlfile in backupset RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00005 name=D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\TOOLS01.DBF RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00004 name=D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\TEMP01.DBF RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00006 name=D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\INDX01.DBF RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00003 name=D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\USER01.DBF RMAN-08013: channel c1: piece 1 created RMAN-08503: piece handle=D:\BACKUP\FULL04EN5UG0_4_1 comment=NONE RMAN-08525: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:16 RMAN-03023: executing command: partial resync RMAN-08003: starting partial resync of recovery catalog RMAN-08005: partial resync complete RMAN-03022: compiling command: sql RMAN-06162: sql statement: alter system archive log current RMAN-03023: executing command: sql RMAN-03022: compiling command: release RMAN-03023: executing command: release RMAN-08031: released channel: c1 Recovery Manager complete. 到这里表示备份成功。 3、 继续在测试表中插入记录 SQL> insert into test values(2); 1 row inserted SQL> commit; Commit complete SQL> select * from test; A --------------------------------------- 1 2 SQL>alter system switch logfile; System altered. SQL> alter system switch logfile; System altered. 4、 关闭数据库，模拟丢失数据文件 SQL> shutdown immediate; Database closed. Database dismounted. Oracle instance shut down C:\>del D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\SYSTEM01.DBF C:\>del D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\INDX01.DBF C:\>del D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\TOOLS01.DBF C:\>del D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\RBS01.DBF 5、启动数据库，检查错误 SQL> STARTUP Oracle instance started. Total System Global Area 102020364 bytes Fixed Size 70924 bytes Variable Size 85487616 bytes Database Buffers 16384000 bytes Redo Buffers 77824 bytes Database mounted. ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 1: 'D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\SYSTEM01.DBF' 查询v$recover_file SQL> select * from v$recover_file; FILE# ONLINE ERROR CHANGE# TIME ---------- ------- ------------------ ---------- ----------- 1 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 2 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 5 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0 6 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND | 
